Rufous Gnateater

13 cm. Lower mandible yellow. <NMale is rufous-brown above with a gray superciliary stripe becoming white behind the eye. Wings brownish, with no white spots. Below orange-brown with a white spot across the lower throat. Flanks olive-brown, belly white. <NFemale has a gray postocular superciliary. Call, a soft "zjet" sounding like drawing air through the teeth Brazilian name is Chupa-dente . The songs of the Southern north to Fazenda Intervales and Northern populations differ. The Southern song is a series of 12-16 fast delivered whistles which first fall and at the end rise in pitch. The northern song is a slower sequence of about ten high "bii bii bii bii..." notes at the end with rising pitch, similar to the call of /Malacoptila striata listen to example 4 . In the undergrowth of forest on or close to the ground. Usually quite fearless and easy to observe. The wings make a buzzing sound during crepuscular flight ^30 . Regularly observed in the underbrush of secondary and primary humid rainforest: sometimes in more open degraded brushy areas. Throughout. Up to 2400 meters ^44 Vocalizations on recording 2 | This recording consists of three different cuts. While the last and the next to the last recording is definitely from /Conopophaga lineata , the first recording is a vocalization probably produced by /Syndactyla rufosuperciliata . Note that it completely lacks the sound quality of drawing air through the teeth. 3122 Song Southern form and, at the end of recording, calls. Jureia-Peruibe, 10<10>13<10>99. Sunny, 20<91>C. Forest. With /Tinamus solitarius .: 13250 First-Calls. Ubatuba, Nucleo Sta. Virginia, 10<10>30<10>93. With /Attila phoenicurus, Schiffornis virescens . <NSecond part-Calls. Serra Mantiqueira, 10<10>26<10>99. With /Chiroxiphia caudata, Rhamphastus bicolorus . <NThird part-Calls. Irai, Rio Grande do Sul, 8<10>2<10>81. With /Chiroxiphia caudata . Recording by W. Belton.: 8666 Song Southern form . Estacao Biologica de Boraceia, 6<10>4<10>00. Recording by J. Minns.: 13114 Song Northern form . Itatiaia Natl. Park, Agulhas Negras Road, 03<10>17<10>01. Recording by J. Minns.: 10090 Song Southern form , Cornell Cat. 20038, Morro Pelado, Canela, Rio Grande do Sul, 12<10>20<10>78. Recording by W. Belton.: 16026 >: