Southern Bristle-Tyrant

10 cm. This Bristle-Tyrant Pogonotriccus has a shorter tail than typical Phylloscartes flycatchers, sits upright and seems to regularly show upward-hover gleaning foraging behavior. <NAbove olive-green. Crown is gray with an olive center. A white broad superciliary stripe and black lores. Cheeks light yellowish, grizzled with gray. Wings grayish-black with two inconspicuous and narrow olive wing bars. Below greenish-yellow with a bright yellow belly. <N/Tolmomyias sulphurescens is sometimes thought to be this species by the unexperienced, but its small size, different habitat, behavior and its general rareness should make it easy to differentiate both species. <NJuveniles have a duller, more uniform plumage and resemble /Phylloscartes paulistus ^75 . Gives a high trill consisting of 8-15 single notes, sometimes increasing in pitch, but always appearing to end abruptly. An unobtrusive inhabitant of the middle and lower stratum in the forest interior. Sits upright and seems to perform as much upward-hover gleaning as upward striking. Found in pairs and does not follow mixed bird parties. Very rare in dense dryer secondary and primary forests of the altiplano. Not found in the wetter coastal forests or on the slopes of the coastal escarpment. Luis Fabio Silveira and colleagues have found several pairs in recent years in the Serra da Cantareira within the city limits of S<C4>o Paulo. Widely distributed inland from Espirito Santo and Minas Gerais to Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul, but it occurs very rarely in southeast Brazil due to deforestation and was only recently rediscovered in the<8E>Serra da Cantareira<8E>in S<C4>o Paulo. Accidental in the Serra do Mar and historic recordings from the<8E>Serra Mantiqueira<8E>and<8E>Serra dos Org<C4>os ^74 . To be looked for in dense dryer taller forests of the altiplano, maybe in the Boraceia Reserve, on hill tops and in less accessible area such as ravines. On the basis of morphological criteria this species was placed in the genus Pogonotriccus, the Bristle-Tyrants, separate from Phylloscartes. ^84,^117 . However, Traylor and Lanyon combined these genera into the genus Phylloscartes ^85, ^86 . We note here however that the species has a completely different behavior and foraging style than typical Phylloscartes flycatchers with their gnat-catcher like appearance and behavior. Clay et al. came to a similar conclusion ^75 . 6723 Calls. Serra da Cantareira, S<C4>o Paulo city, 09<10>99. Secondary forest.: 2302 Song. Cornell Cat 57878. Poco Preto trail, Parque Nacional de Iguazu, Parana, 8<10>16<10>90. With /Dromococcyx pavoninus, Corythopis delalandi . Recording by D.W. Finch.: phlex1 >: A19 Dry secondary rainforest. At 900 meters in the Serra Cantareira. Biome of /Phylloscartes eximius .