White-throated Woodcreeper

28 cm. The largest woodcreeper in southeast Brazil. Strong, long decurved black bill. Above olive-brown. Cream colored streaking on black head, less on back. A superciliary and supramalar stripe consisting of zones of whitish streaks. Wings and tail dark chestnut. Throat unstriped white, malar stripe black. Underparts olivaceous, the chest with white streaks, the belly with creamy white and black narrow irregular bars. Series of descending whistles "zie... zie.... zie.... zie....". Slowly delivered, given throughout the day, but especially frequently at dawn: the first whistle audible only at close range e.g. cut 2 . Also double whistles like "huuii... wizi.... wizi.... wizi.... wizi...." towards the end of cut 1 Scales trees at all heights. Observed feeding juv. on 11-5-1995 in PE Jacupiranga State Park. In mature primary and secondary woodland, also in gallery forest ^44 , but avoids smaller forest patches. Not found in more degraded open woods inhabited by /Dendrocolaptes platyrostris . Throughout, sea level to 1500 meters. 3728 Song. Fazenda Intervales, 11<10>30<10>97, dawn, sunny, 27<91>C. Primary forest. With /Lipaugus lanioides, Trogon rufus .: 12107 Call. 10<10>18<10>99, Serra da Mantiqueira, above Hotel do Ype, above 1600 meters . Clouds, foggy, showers, 23<91>C. Primary forest, bamboo.: 2886 Song. Cornell Cat 32099. Iguacu National Park, Misiones, Argentina, 11<10>17<10>82, dawn. Deciduous forest. Recording by T. A. Parker, III.: 6698 Song, early in the morning, Fazenda Intervales, 10<10>24<10>00. Cloudy, 20<91>C. Primary forest. With /Scytalopus indigoticus .: 14221 >: