Thick-billed Saltator

saltator maxillosus

Cardinalidae · Saltators, Grosbeaks

Disc 2 · 2001 listed
Disc 3 · 2006 listed
Disc 1 · 2011 listed

The account

Description

21 cm. Very thick and short dusky bill with dull buff-orange base. Upperparts dark gray; long white superciliary; underparts buffy grayish; throat buffy bordered by black malar stripe; crissum buff orange. Female with olive upper parts.

Male Disc 3 · 2006
Female Disc 3 · 2006

Each plate is labelled with the disc's own caption.

Where it was recorded

The discs' own checklists select Thick-billed Saltator at 6 localities.

Historical checklist localities on the disc's own area map — the red dots the original program drew, placed by its recovered projection. Not a range map: it shows the places whose checklists record the bird, nothing more.

How the map was made

The original program computed each red dot at display time from the locality's coordinates, using its map library and one of five base maps drawn for the screen widths of the day. That library's projection — an oblique rotation of the sphere about the map's own centre, 23.7°S 47.4°W — was read from the program and checked against the graticule the same program drew into the base maps: it reproduces every grid intersection to within about a pixel. The dots here use that projection on the 1280-pixel base map, with the coordinates the discs record. Nothing was placed by hand, no modern map data was used, and a place whose coordinate is incomplete, out of range or beyond the map's edge is listed rather than guessed.

The discs carried location maps only; none shows a distribution or range.

Voice

Call 'zic', 'ziii'. Song is a sequence of four loud whistles, the third note higher (¹²¹).

Behavior

Forages close to the ground in thickets.

Habitat and status

Fairly common in high altitude woodland, bamboo thickets and borders, open scrub.

Distribution

In Estado São Paulo found at Campos do Jordão (¹¹⁹), Serra Bocaina. In Estado Rio de Janeiro found in the Serra dos Orgãos, Serra Mantiqueira. From 1500-2200 meters

Decoded from the disc's own bytes. Each part is shown under the heading the disc files it under, and the wording, spelling and punctuation are the author's.

Vocalizations

Calls. 10/23/99, Serra da Mantiqueira, Agulhas Negras road. Clear, cool, 20°C. Montane scrub. With Stephanophorus diadematus.
Calls, December 23, 1990. São Francisco de Paula, RG. Recorded by David Willis.

Recording files on the disc

14897.mp3 Calls. 10/23/99, Serra da Mantiqueira, Agulhas Negras road. Clear, cool, 20°C. Montane scrub. With Stephanophorus diadematus.
5880.mp3 Calls, December 23, 1990. São Francisco de Paula, RG. Recorded by David Willis.

More images

Serra Mantiqueira, photo by Fritz Mueller. Disc 3 · 2006

Across the three discs

The work was published on three discs — Disc 2 in 2001, Disc 3 in 2006 and Disc 1 in 2011. Where they differ, that is a difference between historical releases, and it is never merged away. The 2011 disc is not treated as correcting the earlier ones.

Which discs list this bird

Disc 2 · 2001 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 3 · 2006 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 1 · 2011 — in this disc's bird list

How that was established

Disc 2 · 2001: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 3 · 2006: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 1 · 2011: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1

The disc's own record fields that place the bird on its list: a non-empty entry in the species table, and the byte that marks it as selected on a local checklist.

The account in the Disc 1 · 2011 revision

The 2011 Disc 1 revision carries this account text unchanged from the Disc 3 release.

The work's own taxonomy

The discs carried three parallel name schemes. All three are shown as recovered; none is a modern taxonomy and none has been updated.

Scheme	Scientific name	English name	Family
WORLD	saltator maxillosus	Thick-billed Saltator	Cardinalidae
CLEMENTS	saltator maxillosus	Thick-billed Saltator	Cardinalidae
AOU_HM	saltator maxillosus	Thick-billed Saltator	Cardinalidae

Source details

Identifier on this site: seb_species_0452
Account identifier: seb_account_0452
Account number on the disc: 452
Source edition: CD03 / 2006 package
Original taxonomy scheme: WORLD
Structure status: heuristic; decoded_account_text and segment JSON remain authoritative