Orange-bellied Euphonia

euphonia xanthogaster

Fringillidae,Euphoniinae · Euphonias

Disc 2 · 2001 listed
Disc 3 · 2006 listed
Disc 1 · 2011 listed

The account

Description

11 cm. Male steel blue-black above. Head and nape black. Forehead to behind the eye yellow-orange. Throat purplish black. Underparts yellow orange.

The female is olive above. Forehead tawny yellow. Nape gray. Primaries edged pale yellow. Grayish buff underparts with yellow-olive sides of the belly.

Male Disc 3 · 2006
Female Disc 3 · 2006

Each plate is labelled with the disc's own caption.

Where it was recorded

The discs' own checklists select Orange-bellied Euphonia at 5 localities.

Historical checklist localities on the disc's own area map — the red dots the original program drew, placed by its recovered projection. Not a range map: it shows the places whose checklists record the bird, nothing more.

How the map was made

The original program computed each red dot at display time from the locality's coordinates, using its map library and one of five base maps drawn for the screen widths of the day. That library's projection — an oblique rotation of the sphere about the map's own centre, 23.7°S 47.4°W — was read from the program and checked against the graticule the same program drew into the base maps: it reproduces every grid intersection to within about a pixel. The dots here use that projection on the 1280-pixel base map, with the coordinates the discs record. Nothing was placed by hand, no modern map data was used, and a place whose coordinate is incomplete, out of range or beyond the map's edge is listed rather than guessed.

The discs carried location maps only; none shows a distribution or range.

Voice

Call a drawn out descending 'deee dee deet', also a 'chee-chee'; song a combination of call notes with 'wheet wheet' whistles, sometimes run together in a continuous warble (¹⁵⁹). Possible dawn song 'wheet wheet wheet wheet" whistles (the second two whistles lower than the first two), or 'wheet wheet wheet wheer', (the last whistle lower than the first three) (¹⁵⁹).

Behavior

Forages in pairs at all heights.

Breeding

Nest a domed mossy ball with side entrance.

Habitat and status

Rather common in secondary and primary forest and edge, parks with old trees.

Distribution

From central Estado Rio de Janeiro northwards. Observed at Cachoeira de Macacu, (December 2004 ,Remold, unpubl.), Nova Friburgo (⁴⁰). Common in the foothills of the Serra dos Orgãos (¹⁶²). Sea level to 2000 meters

Taxonomy notes

Euphonias are now considered to be Fringillids, not tanagers (¹⁶¹).

Decoded from the disc's own bytes. Each part is shown under the heading the disc files it under, and the wording, spelling and punctuation are the author's.

Vocalizations

Calls, song, Mato Grosso, LNS 88826, recorded by C. Marantz.

Recording files on the disc

4776.mp3 Calls, song, Mato Grosso, LNS 88826, recorded by C. Marantz.

Across the three discs

The work was published on three discs — Disc 2 in 2001, Disc 3 in 2006 and Disc 1 in 2011. Where they differ, that is a difference between historical releases, and it is never merged away. The 2011 disc is not treated as correcting the earlier ones.

Which discs list this bird

Disc 2 · 2001 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 3 · 2006 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 1 · 2011 — in this disc's bird list

How that was established

Disc 2 · 2001: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 3 · 2006: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 1 · 2011: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1

The disc's own record fields that place the bird on its list: a non-empty entry in the species table, and the byte that marks it as selected on a local checklist.

The account in the Disc 1 · 2011 revision

The 2011 Disc 1 revision carries this account text unchanged from the Disc 3 release.

The work's own taxonomy

The discs carried three parallel name schemes. All three are shown as recovered; none is a modern taxonomy and none has been updated.

Scheme	Scientific name	English name	Family
WORLD	euphonia xanthogaster	Orange-bellied Euphonia	Fringillidae,Euphoniinae
CLEMENTS	euphonia xanthogaster	Orange-bellied Euphonia	Thraupidae
AOU_HM	euphonia xanthogaster	Orange-bellied Euphonia	Thraupidae

Source details

Identifier on this site: seb_species_0353
Account identifier: seb_account_0353
Account number on the disc: 353
Source edition: CD03 / 2006 package
Original taxonomy scheme: WORLD
Structure status: heuristic; decoded_account_text and segment JSON remain authoritative