Golden-rumped Euphonia

11 cm. Male with crown and nape light blue, head sides and throat black. Front black. Purplish black upperparts. Rump bright yellow. Underparts yellow. <NThe female is olive-green above with a light bluish crown and nape. Front buff. Underparts olive yellow. Call a plaintive "tweeer", a low frequency "chak vocalization 2 . Song a fast twittering warble vocalization 1 . Pairs forage mostly in the tops of trees, but descend to fruiting shrubs, thickets etc. Rio Grande do Sul January ^159 . Uncommon in open forest and forest edge, high altitude forest, second growth, gardens, plantations, scrub. Throughout. In winter appears in the interior and the coastal belt in small flocks. In Estado S<C4>o Paulo found at<8E>Iguape, Fazenda Intervales, Serra Bocaina ^119 , Bauru, Ipanema ^40 . In Estado Rio de Janeiro records from<8E>Cantagalo, Cabo Frio ^40 . <N500-2800 meters ^133 Euphonias are now considered to be Fringillids, not tanagers ^161 . 5047 Song. Ibitiboca, 11<10>1<10>00. Cloudy, 18<91>C. Open cerrado. With /Turdus rufiventris .: 3757 Calls, Ibitipoca, MG, November 1, 2000, cloudy, 18<91>C, open scrub, with /Turdus rufiventris, Aratinga leucophthalma, and Crypturellus obsoletus .: 10816 > Male: 3980 > Female: