Violaceous Euphonia

11.5 cm. Male is glossy steel-blue above with a yellow frontal patch that reaches eye. Throat yellow. Ochraceous-yellow below. <NThe female is olive above with a yellowish forecrown, greenish yellow belly and a buff yellow breast and throat. Call a "che-ep" ^159 , vocalization 1 features a 4 syllable "chichichichi . Song a sequence of trills, whistles and rasps, frequently contains imitations of calls of a number of species. Forages in pairs at all levels of trees and scrubs Uses unused nests of other species. Para, October ^159 . Common in humid forest and edge, forest borders, parkland, gallery forest. Groups migrate in winter into the interior ^119 . Throughout. To 1000 meters Euphonias are now considered to be Fringillids, not tanagers ^161 . 12504 Calls. Rio Escuro, near Ubatuba, 11<10>22<10>98. Sunny, 20<91>C. Secondary forest.: 524 Calls, song Jureia-Peruibe, 10<10>13<10>99. Sunny, 20<91>C. Forest. With /Basileuterus culicivorus, Leptopogon amaurocephalus, Vireo olivaceus .: 14921 Song. Cachueira de Macacu, RJ. 11<10>2<10>00. Sunny, 25<91>C. Forest edge. With /Troglodytes aedon, Turdus rufiventris .: 6941 Song. Rio Do<C8>e, 11<10>4<10>00. Sunny, 25<91>C. Swampy edges of primary forest and border.: 745 > Male: 1318 > Female: