Great Kiskadee

pitangus sulphuratus

Tyrannidae,Tyranninae · Tyrannine Flycatchers

Disc 2 · 2001 listed
Disc 3 · 2006 listed
Disc 1 · 2011 listed

The account

Description

20.5 cm-23.5 cm. Bill big. Crown black with a yellow semi-concealed coronal patch. A prominent white superciliary. Above olive-brown. Wings and tail black, the feathers edged with rufous. Throat white and the rest of the underparts yellow.

The disc records this picture against the bird without a caption. Disc 3 · 2006

Where it was recorded

The discs' own checklists select Great Kiskadee at 30 localities.

Historical checklist localities on the disc's own area map — the red dots the original program drew, placed by its recovered projection. Not a range map: it shows the places whose checklists record the bird, nothing more. 1 recorded locality lies beyond the map's edge and is listed below instead.1 has no usable coordinate and is listed below unplotted.

Angra dos Reis ANRB
Assis ASSB
Barreiro Rico BRSB
Boraceia BOSB
Campos do Jordão CASB
Fazenda Campininha FZSB
Fazenda Intervales FASB
Fazenda Paraiso PASB
Ilha do Cardoso ILSB
Ilha São Sebastião SSSB
Itirapina ITSB
Jureia-Peruibe JUSB position not recoverable
Marica MRRB
Morro do Diabo MOSB outside the map
Nucleo Sta. Virginia NUSP
Parati PARB
Pariquera-Abaixo PESB
PE Carlos Botelho PCSB
PE Jacupiranga PJSB
Reserva Ecológica Guapiacú RERB
Rio de Janeiro RIRB
Santa Barbara do Rio Pardo SNSB
Serra Bocaina SESB
Serra da Cantareira SRSB
Serra dos Orgãos SRRB
Serra dos Tucanos SDTC
Serras de Japi e Ermida SDSB
Sete Barras STSB
Ubatuba UBSB
Vassununga VASB

How the map was made

The original program computed each red dot at display time from the locality's coordinates, using its map library and one of five base maps drawn for the screen widths of the day. That library's projection — an oblique rotation of the sphere about the map's own centre, 23.7°S 47.4°W — was read from the program and checked against the graticule the same program drew into the base maps: it reproduces every grid intersection to within about a pixel. The dots here use that projection on the 1280-pixel base map, with the coordinates the discs record. Nothing was placed by hand, no modern map data was used, and a place whose coordinate is incomplete, out of range or beyond the map's edge is listed rather than guessed.

The discs carried location maps only; none shows a distribution or range.

Voice

Most frequent calls are a loud and raucous 'krri-ke-dii', a drawn out mournful 'kiieeeh' and a 'kik-weeea'. Dawn song or call (⁹⁰) a repeated 'ki-a...ki-a... ki-a....' as on cut #3 at the beginning and several times on cut # 6.

Behavior

Perches at all levels in trees and on the ground. The proverbial foraging generalist (⁷⁴), very adaptable and aggressive. Its foraging behavior includes such diverse behavior as scavenging on the ground and eating refuse from garbage dumps, fishing, catching frogs and lizards, aerial hawking, perch gleaning, sally gleaning, following army ants and fruit eating. Probably develops skills according to local conditions.

Breeding

Builds a cup nest (⁴⁴).

Habitat and status

Common and conspicuous inhabitant of almost anywhere with exception of the interior of continuous and deep rain forest, but even there it can be found many kilometers away from open areas along forest roads (Fazenda Intervales). Frequently associated with water, but most common in semi-open agricultural areas, open woodlands and borders and town and city parks.

Distribution

Throughout, from sea level up to 1300 meters.

Decoded from the disc's own bytes. Each part is shown under the heading the disc files it under, and the wording, spelling and punctuation are the author's.

Vocalizations

Calls. Fazenda Intervales, 11/30/97. Sunny, 27°C. Open country with trees and bushes.
Calls. Fazenda Intervales, 11/30/97. Sunny, 27°C. Primary forest. With Attila rufus, Procnias nudicollis.
Calls. Pirapora, 11/12/98. Cloudy, 25°C. Gallery forest. With Synallaxis frontalis, Taraba major.
Calls. Picinguaba, east of Ubatuba, 10/15/99. Sunny, 27°C. Forest border. With Hypoedaleus guttatus, Turdus rufiventris(call), Attila rufus.
Calls at dusk. 10/14/99, Picinguaba, east of Ubatuba. Few clouds, no wind, 25°C. Swamp within forest.
Dawn song and at the end the normal call. Cornell Cat#19365. Garruchos, São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, 11/21/77. Recording by W. Belton.

Recording files on the disc

15972.mp3 Calls. Fazenda Intervales, 11/30/97. Sunny, 27°C. Open country with trees and bushes.
13847.mp3 Calls. Fazenda Intervales, 11/30/97. Sunny, 27°C. Primary forest. With Attila rufus, Procnias nudicollis.
3565.mp3 Calls. Pirapora, 11/12/98. Cloudy, 25°C. Gallery forest. With Synallaxis frontalis, Taraba major.
12835.wav Calls. Picinguaba, east of Ubatuba, 10/15/99. Sunny, 27°C. Forest border. With Hypoedaleus guttatus, Turdus rufiventris(call), Attila rufus.
5481.wav Calls at dusk. 10/14/99, Picinguaba, east of Ubatuba. Few clouds, no wind, 25°C. Swamp within forest.
11633.mp3 Dawn song and at the end the normal call. Cornell Cat#19365. Garruchos, São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, 11/21/77. Recording by W. Belton.

Across the three discs

The work was published on three discs — Disc 2 in 2001, Disc 3 in 2006 and Disc 1 in 2011. Where they differ, that is a difference between historical releases, and it is never merged away. The 2011 disc is not treated as correcting the earlier ones.

Which discs list this bird

Disc 2 · 2001 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 3 · 2006 — in this disc's bird list
Disc 1 · 2011 — in this disc's bird list

How that was established

Disc 2 · 2001: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 3 · 2006: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1
Disc 1 · 2011: aux_nonzero;local_checklist_byte45_flag_1

The disc's own record fields that place the bird on its list: a non-empty entry in the species table, and the byte that marks it as selected on a local checklist.

The account in the Disc 1 · 2011 revision

The 2011 Disc 1 revision carries this account text unchanged from the Disc 3 release.

The work's own taxonomy

The discs carried three parallel name schemes. All three are shown as recovered; none is a modern taxonomy and none has been updated.

Scheme	Scientific name	English name	Family
WORLD	pitangus sulphuratus	Great Kiskadee	Tyrannidae,Tyranninae
CLEMENTS	pitangus sulphuratus	Great Kiskadee	Tyrannidae,Tyranninae
AOU_HM	pitangus sulphuratus	Great Kiskadee	Tyrannidae,Tyranninae

Source details

Identifier on this site: seb_species_0278
Account identifier: seb_account_0278
Account number on the disc: 278
Source edition: CD03 / 2006 package
Original taxonomy scheme: WORLD
Structure status: heuristic; decoded_account_text and segment JSON remain authoritative